CHANNEL RESTORATION IN AN URBAN SALMONID
STREAM (CONT.)
RECONNECTING THE FLOODPLAIN
The streambed was dry during the channel reconstruction.
A D-5 bulldozer, a backhoe, and a 2 cy loader were used to
shape the channel, reconstruct the bank, and place the heavy
biotechnical structural components (boulders and rootwads).
Shasta College Heavy Equipment students demonstrated their
skills by successfully removing the sandbar and moving the
material up against the eroding streambank, forming a new
bank. The new bank was shaped and graded to a 4:1 slope.
In some areas, there was not enough material to completely
rebuild the vertical bank all the way to the top. It
was determined that the bank would be finished at a later
time, with additional funding. Vegetation and boulders
from the previous toe protection project were salvaged in
order to place on and within the loose excavated material.
The project provided an opportunity for the college students
to perform actual landform restoration work using heavy equipment,
while also learning about the delicate nature of stream ecosystems.
The backhoe was used to dig large holes over 2 m (6 ft) deep
in the channel until the water table was reached. Large
diameter willow and Populus spp. (cottonwood) poles (which
were salvaged on site) were placed in these holes. This
biotechnical revegetation technique, called “pole planting”,
ensures that the basal ends of the live poles receive good
contact with the vadose zone and water table in the soil,
so irrigation is not required in the dry summer months.
This technique was also combined with rootwad revetments,
which direct high-energy flows away from the new banks, and
also create scour pools and fish habitat. A total of
six rootwads were installed for this project. The rootwads
were obtained from a subdivision development, and the trunks
were not long enough to key into the banks. The short
trunks (boles) were anchored using only rocks and live pole
cuttings.
Figure 3. During the channel construction, holes
were dug deep in the channel in order to plant the live
poles into the vadose zone.
Figure 4. After - almost a year later, the banks
are revegetating well.
Only natural materials such as the rootwads, rock, and willow
and cottonwood poles were chosen to protect the banks along
the restored channel reach. In-stream structures such
as vortex weirs and boulder clusters had been considered,
but depositional features (central and transverse bars) are
common in F3 type reaches related to the high sediment supply
(Rosgen, 1996). The extensive use of in-stream structures
was rejected because of the expected sediment supply and the
probable deposition during the backwater periods. As
a trial, one boulder cluster comprised of four 500 kg (1/2
ton) granite boulders was constructed in mid-channel.
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